5,068 research outputs found
A practical guide to computer simulations
Here practical aspects of conducting research via computer simulations are
discussed. The following issues are addressed: software engineering,
object-oriented software development, programming style, macros, make files,
scripts, libraries, random numbers, testing, debugging, data plotting, curve
fitting, finite-size scaling, information retrieval, and preparing
presentations.
Because of the limited space, usually only short introductions to the
specific areas are given and references to more extensive literature are cited.
All examples of code are in C/C++.Comment: 69 pages, with permission of Wiley-VCH, see http://www.wiley-vch.de
(some screenshots with poor quality due to arXiv size restrictions) A
comprehensively extended version will appear in spring 2009 as book at
Word-Scientific, see http://www.worldscibooks.com/physics/6988.htm
Affordance-Experimentation-Actualization Theory in Artificial Intelligence Research â A Predictive Maintenance Story
Artificial intelligence currently counts among the most prominent digital technologies and promises to generate significant business value in the future. Despite a growing body of knowledge, research could further benefit from incorporating technological features, human actors, and organizational goals into the examination of artificial intelligence-enabled systems. This integrative perspective is crucial for effective implementation. Our study intends to fill this gap by introducing affordance-experimentation-actualization theory to artificial intelligence research. In doing so, we conduct a case study on the implementation of predictive maintenance using affordance-experimentation-actualization theory as our theoretical lens. From our study, we find further evidence for the existence of the experimentation phase during which organizations make new technologies ready for effective use. We propose extending the experimentation phase with the activity of âconceptual explorationâ in order to make affordance-experimentation-actualization theory applicable to a broader range of technologies and the domain of AI-enabled systems in particular
The Evolution of an Architectural Paradigm - Using Blockchain to Build a Cross-Organizational Enterprise Service Bus
Cross-organizational collaboration and the exchange of process data are indispensable for many processes in federally organized governments. Conventional IT solutions, such as cross-organizational workflow management systems, address these requirements through centralized process management and architectures. However, such centralization is difficult and often undesirable in federal contexts. One alternative solution that emphasizes decentralized process management and a decentralized architecture is the blockchain solution of Germanyâs Federal Office for Migration and Refugees. Here, we investigate the architecture of this solution and examine how it addresses the requirements of federal contexts. We find that the solutionâs architecture resembles an improvement and cross-organizational adaption of an old architectural paradigm, the enterprise service bus
Artificial Intelligence as a Call for Retail Banking: Applying Digital Options Thinking to Artificial Intelligence Adoption
Technology-driven challenges, both existing and emerging, require banks to invest in IT capabilities, especially in artificial intelligence (AI). Digital options theory presents a valuable guide rail for these investments. However, the nature of AI as a moving frontier of computing requires certain extensions to established digital option thinking. Based on interviews with 23 experts in the retail banking industry, we highlight the importance of thinking broadly when laying the foundation for AI options and being mindful of the dynamic effects of contextual factors. Drawing from digital options theory and the Technology-Organization-Environment framework as dual lens, our study adds a structured approach to consciously balance resources and AI-related capability investments with a broader consideration of the banking industryâs complex environment. In this way, our study complements recent research on the interplay between incumbentsâ resources and digital opportunities
Efficient Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Pedigree Data with the Sum-Product Algorithm
In this paper, we analyze data sets consisting of pedigrees where the response is the age at onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). The occurrence of familial clusters of CRC suggests the existence of a latent, inheritable risk factor. We aimed to compute the probability of a family possessing this risk factor, as well as the hazard rate increase for these risk factor carriers. Due to the inheritability of this risk factor, the estimation necessitates a costly marginalization of the likelihood.
We therefore developed an EM algorithm by applying factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm in the E-step, reducing the computational complexity from exponential to linear in the number of family members.
Our algorithm is as precise as a direct likelihood maximization in a simulation study and a real family study on CRC risk. For 250 simulated families of size 19 and 21, the runtime of our algorithm is faster by a factor of 4 and 29, respectively. On the largest family (23 members) in the real data, our algorithm is 6 times faster.
We introduce a flexible and runtime-efficient tool for statistical inference in biomedical event data that opens the door for advanced analyses of pedigree data
The Social Construction of Self-Sovereign Identity: An Extended Model of Interpretive Flexibility
User-centric identity management systems are gaining momentum as concerns about Big Tech and Big Government rise. Many of these systems are framed as offering Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI). Yet, competing appropriation and the social embedding of SSI have resulted in diverging interpretations. These vague and value-laden interpretations can damage the public discourse and risk misrepresenting values and affordances that technology offers to users. To unpack the various social and technical understandings of SSI, we adopt an âinterpretive flexibilityâ lens. Based on a qualitative inductive interview study, we find that SSIâs interpretation is strongly mediated by surrounding institutional properties. Our study helps to better navigate these different perceptions and highlights the need for a multidimensional framework that can improve the understanding of complex socio-technical systems for digital government practitioners, researchers, and policy-makers
A Study of Deep Learning for Network Traffic Data Forecasting
We present a study of deep learning applied to the domain of network traffic
data forecasting. This is a very important ingredient for network traffic
engineering, e.g., intelligent routing, which can optimize network performance,
especially in large networks. In a nutshell, we wish to predict, in advance,
the bit rate for a transmission, based on low-dimensional connection metadata
("flows") that is available whenever a communication is initiated. Our study
has several genuinely new points: First, it is performed on a large dataset
(~50 million flows), which requires a new training scheme that operates on
successive blocks of data since the whole dataset is too large for in-memory
processing. Additionally, we are the first to propose and perform a more
fine-grained prediction that distinguishes between low, medium and high bit
rates instead of just "mice" and "elephant" flows. Lastly, we apply
state-of-the-art visualization and clustering techniques to flow data and show
that visualizations are insightful despite the heterogeneous and non-metric
nature of the data. We developed a processing pipeline to handle the highly
non-trivial acquisition process and allow for proper data preprocessing to be
able to apply DNNs to network traffic data. We conduct DNN hyper-parameter
optimization as well as feature selection experiments, which clearly show that
fine-grained network traffic forecasting is feasible, and that domain-dependent
data enrichment and augmentation strategies can improve results. An outlook
about the fundamental challenges presented by network traffic analysis (high
data throughput, unbalanced and dynamic classes, changing statistics, outlier
detection) concludes the article.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figures, 28th International Conference on Artificial
Neural Networks (ICANN 2019
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